October 1, 2020 — Investigative Radiology

Abstract

Objectives

Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is now broadly used clinically for liver lesion detection and characterization. Obstacles to the efforts to quantify perfusion with CEUS have been the lack of a standardized approach and undocumented reproducibility. The use of multiple scanners and different analysis software packages compounds the degree of variability. Our objectives were to standardize a CEUS-based approach for quantification of perfusion-related parameters of liver lesions and to evaluate the variability of bolus transit parameters (rise time [RT], mean transit time [MTT], peak intensity, and area under the curve) obtained from various clinical ultrasound scanners and analysis software.

Materials and Methods

Bolus transit as a way of evaluating perfusion has been investigated both in vivo and in vitro in the past but without establishing its reproducibility. We developed a tissue flow phantom that produces time-intensity curves very similar to those extracted from clinical cine loops of liver lesions. We evaluated the variability of the bolus transit parameters with 4 commercial scanners (Philips iU22, Philips EPIQ, GE LOGIQ E9, and Siemens Acuson Sequoia) and 3 different analysis software packages in multiple trials (15 per scanner).

Results

The variability (coefficient of variation) from repeated trials and while using a single scanner and software was less than 8% for RT, less than 12% for MTT, less than 49% for peak intensity, and less than 50% for area under the curve. Currently, it is not possible to directly compare amplitude values from different scanners and analysis software packages owing to the arbitrary linearization algorithm used among manufacturers; however, it is possible for time parameters (RT and MTT). The variability when using a different scanner with the same analysis software package was less than 9% for RT and less than 21% for MTT. The variability when using a different analysis software with the same scanner was less than 9% for RT and less than 15% for MTT. In all the evaluations we have performed, RT is the least variable parameter, while MTT is only slightly more variable.

Conclusions

The present study will lay the groundwork for multicenter patient evaluations with CEUS quantification of perfusion-related parameters with the bolus transit technique. When using the protocol and method developed here, it is possible to perform perfusion quantification on different scanners and analysis software and be able to compare the results. The current work is the first study that presents a comparison of bolus transit parameters derived from multiple systems and software packages.

Authors: Averkiou, Michalakis A. PhD∗; Juang, Eric K. MSc∗; Gallagher, Madison K. BS∗; Cuevas, Maria Alejandra BS∗; Wilson, Stephanie R. MD†; Barr, Richard G. MD‡; Carson, Paul L. PhD§

∗Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle;  †Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;  ‡Department of Radiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown;  §Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Investigative Radiology: October 2020 – Volume 55 – Issue 10 – p 643-656

doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000702